TECH FOCUS: HYDROGEN AND ALTERNATIVE FUELS Distinguished SAE members opine on alternative fuels am directly involved in the Horizon Europe projects: " Poseidon: Propulsion of Ships with E-Methanol in Favour of the Decarbonisation of Naval transport " and " Ammonia 2-4: Demonstrating a 2-Stroke and 4-Stroke Large Scale Ammonia Marine Engine. " In addition, there are several recent CNR publications on hydrogen and alternative fuels. CNR maintains partnerships with industry stakeholders in the energy and transportation sectors that lead to innovative research and initiatives. Is the general " movement " of hydrogen and alt fuels on what you'd consider the right course at the right pace by the various parties involved? Any suggestions to offer? AS: Trying to find a " single silver bullet solution " is a great example of what I think we are doing wrong. I admire and whole-heartedly agree with the idea of reducing the amount of new CO2 into the atmosphere-I just think that the singular focus on EVs is the wrong way to accomplish it. I also think that approach is not accessible to everyone and creates some significant equity discrepancies. 10 November 2023 Tornatore doing hands-on work for the Italian National Research Council. I have been a strong proponent of the " eclectic " approach (credit to SAE Fellow Dr. Kelly Senecal) and my analysis shows that the fastest way to achieve this goal is mass adoption of full hybrids and renewable/bio/ e-fuels. This path is inclusive to the existing legacy fleet as well as new vehicles, and greatly reduces the concerns surrounding battery materials, range anxiety, and most importantly is equitable and accessible to more than just those that can afford an EV and have access to personal chargers (something that is not easy in multi-family housing situations like apartment buildings, or for those that don't have a garage or off-street parking). For this reason, and because I'm generally against putting all the eggs in just one basket, when the basket isn't fully developed yet... I'm really disappointed that funding agencies like DOE have stopped investment in the fuels area. There has been some absolutely AMAZING work out of the U.S. DOE BETO (bioenergy technologies office) that is very promising for true gasoline and diesel replacement fuels-but political winds have shifted that work to only focus on SAFs (sustainable aviation fuels)-which is a great loss to the automotive sector. UPDATE Italian National Research Council