ADAS/Connected Car Special Report - December 2023 - 19

IMEC
Radar measurement, characterization, and testing of next-gen 140-GHz systems in Imec's DSP/RF laboratory in Belgium.
AV sensor and compute markets remains vibrant.
Key incumbent Tier 1s (notably Bosch, Continental,
Gentex, Koito and ZF) are among the most active
investors. Suppliers interviewed at AutoSens project
the typical L3 consumer vehicle will feature 8 to
10 cameras, five radars, one lidar, ultrasonic and
moisture sensors and a compute capability of 100x
TOPS (trillions of operations per second, a primary
measure of the maximum achievable throughput).
For the much smaller fleet of L4 robotaxis,
each will be fitted with up to 14 cameras, 21
radars (10 short-range, 8 long-range and three
articulating types) and five lidars; L4 is said to
require ten times the compute capability. Powerhungry
lidars with 1550-nm wavelengths now in
development will need 1000x TOPS, for example.
ADAS/CONNECTED CAR SPECIAL REPORT
More TOPS typically means more silicon area,
more power and more cost. " Software will be the
dominant focus in automotive in the next five to
10 years, " Burger stated. But the auto industry still
is in the " dark ages " on software development
compared with the PC industry, he added. As it
moves to the " software-defined vehicle, " a more
universal end-to-end operating system is needed.
" I think Tesla will continue to lead the way because
they are vertically integrated - they own almost all
of the tech in the stack " - there is no comprehensive
off-the-shelf O/S solution, Burger said.
Cameras are evolving so that optical depth will
come for free, experts said. In radars, engineers
are working to overcome various signal limitations,
including the challenging " under bridges "
DECEMBER 2023 19

ADAS/Connected Car Special Report - December 2023

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