Tech Briefs Magazine - November 2021 - 18
Artemis I
about three weeks and a total
distance traveled exceeding
1.3 million miles, the mission
will end with a test of Orion's
capability to return safely to
Earth as the spacecraft makes
a precision landing within
eyesight of the recovery ship
off the coast of Baja, CA.
Orion returns on Earth reentry
at 24,500 miles per
hour. The high-speed lunar
velocity reentry is the top
mission priority and a necessary
test of the heat shield's
performance as it enters
Earth's atmosphere, heating
to nearly 5,000 °F - about
half as hot as the surface of
the Sun.
dictions, then making mod el
refinements as necessary, " said
Dr. Mark Baldwin, Orion's oc -
cupant protection specialist
for lead contractor Lock -
heed Martin.
Five additional accelerometers
inside Orion will provide
data for comparing
vibration and acceleration
between the upper and lower
Housed within the Orion stage adapter, CubeSats are roughly the size of a
large shoe box and weigh no more than 30 pounds. Despite their small size,
they enable science and technology experiments that may expand our
knowledge of the Moon and demonstrate new technologies that could be
used on future missions. (NASA/Cory Huston)
For this uncrewed configuration,
engineering equipment will fly
in place of astronaut-essential elements.
Instead of the cockpit displays,
controls, and life support systems that
will fly on the first crewed flight, this
first flight will carry the data-gathering
tools needed to validate performance
and compare predictive models with
actual flight data.
This mission will also deploy 13
CubeSats to conduct new scientific investigations
and new technology demonstrations
that will improve our knowledge
of the deep space environment,
while engaging a broader set of universities,
international partners, and private
companies in lunar exploration than
ever before on a single mission.
Preparing for a Crew
When Artemis I launches, a suited
manikin will be aboard outfitted with
sensors to provide data on what crew -
members may experience in flight. As
part of the uncrewed Artemis I flight
test, NASA is seeking to learn how best
to protect astronauts for Artemis II, the
first mission with crew.
The manikin flying on Artemis I will
occupy the commander's seat inside
Orion, be equipped with two radiation
sensors, and wear a first-generation
Orion Crew Survival System suit - a
spacesuit astronauts will wear during
launch, entry, and other dynamic phases
of their missions.
The manikin's seat will be outfitted with
two sensors - one under the headrest and
another behind the seat - to record acceleration
and vibration throughout the mis18
Cov
Teams
at Kennedy Space Center participate in the first joint integrated launch countdown simulation
for Artemis I. The training exercise rehearses all aspects of the launch countdown, from cryogenic
loading of the SLS rocket core stage to liftoff. (NASA/Ben Smegelsky)
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Tech Briefs, November 2021
sion. The seats are positioned in a recumbent,
or laid-back, position with elevated
feet to help maintain blood flow to the
head during ascent and entry. The position
also reduces the chance of injury by
allowing the head and feet to be held into
position during launch and landing, and
by distributing forces across the entire
torso during high acceleration and deceleration
periods such as splashdown.
The crew is expected to experience
2.5 times the force of gravity during
ascent and four times the force of gravity
at two different points during the
planned re-entry profile. " Some data collected
from Artemis I will be used for
Orion crew simulations and to verify
crew safety by comparing flight vibration
and acceleration against pre-flight preseats.
As Orion splashes down
in the Pacific Ocean, all
accelerometers will measure
impact on these seat locations
for comparison to data
from water impact tests at
NASA's Langley Research
Center to verify accuracy of
pre-flight models.
" It's critical for us to get
data from the Artemis I manikin to
ensure all of the newly designed systems,
coupled with an energy dampening system
that the seats are mounted on, integrate
together and provide the protection
crewmembers will need in preparation
for our first crewed mission on
Artemis II, " said Jason Hutt, NASA lead
for Orion Crew Systems Integration.
This same manikin was previously used
in Orion vibration tests, both at NASA's
Johnson Space Center in Houston and
Kennedy Space Center in Florida, to verify
it was an accurate physical representation
for testing on Artemis I, to qualify
the Orion seat for Artemis missions, and
to determine if the crew displays will be
readable during launch and climb to
orbit.
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Tech Briefs Magazine - November 2021
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Tech Briefs Magazine - November 2021
Tech Briefs Magazine - November 2021 - Intro
Tech Briefs Magazine - November 2021 - Sponsor
Tech Briefs Magazine - November 2021 - Cov1
Tech Briefs Magazine - November 2021 - Cov2
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Tech Briefs Magazine - November 2021 - Cov3
Tech Briefs Magazine - November 2021 - Cov4
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