Tests that risk injuring human subjects are demonstrated with a manikin before bringing in crewmembers such as crew module uprighting system evaluations intended to ensure the spacecraft is right-side up after splashdown. The tests determine if astronauts can safely get out of their seats in the event that they were stuck upside-down in the water. Similar to manikins, NASA uses Anthro - pometric Test Devices ( " crash-test dummies " ) that are equipped with various instruments for other crew safety evaluations. Dummies are used in tests that drop a version of Orion from an aircraft to verify the Artemis II seat and suit can limit the risk of head and neck injury during the most severe acceleration environments: abort and landing. Also along for the journey during Artemis I will be two other occupants - identical phantom torsos named Helga and Zohar - that will occupy the lower two seats on Orion. They will be part of a study designed to measure the amount of space radiation astronauts may experience inside Orion during missions to the Moon and to assess a radiation-shielding At NASA's Langley Research Center, crash-test dummies are outfitted with suits and sensors and then secured in an Orion test article before being dropped into the Hydro Impact Basin. The drop tests help engineers assess and mitigate potential injuries to crew from splashdown. (NASA) vest called AstroRad that may reduce exposure. The vest is currently being evaluated by astronauts on the International Space Station for fit and function. Each of these purposeful passengers aboard Orion inform astronaut working conditions and safety, helping NASA and its partners better prepare for - and minimize - the potentially harmful effects from deep space missions for space travel farther from Earth, and longer in duration, than ever before. Tech Briefs, November 2021 Free Info at http://info.hotims.com/79419-736 Cov ToC 19http://info.hotims.com/79419-736 http://info.hotims.com/79419-902