Medical Design Briefs - February 2022 - 21

ical materials and models as well as incorporate
mammalian and bacterial cells
into the bioink. The results, for example,
could provide structures that illuminate
the lantern of a firefly's abdominal
region for studying the internal workings
of that species or depict different regions
in a human brain for anatomy lessons in
high school science classes.
The technology is available for licensing
from PNNL. Companies interested
in licensing this technology should contact
PNNL commercialization manager
Sara Hunt. Learn more about ArtSea
Inks and Materials here.
This article was written by Mary Ann
Showalter, PNNL. For more information, visit
www.pnnl.gov.
Shape-Shifting Materials Offer Infinite Possibilities
Totimorphic structural
materials can achieve any
shape.
Harvard SEAS
Cambridge, MA
Researchers have developed a shapeshifting
material that can take and hold
any possible shape, paving the way for a
new type of multifunctional material
that could be used in a range of applications,
from robotics and biotechnology
to architecture. The research from the
Harvard John A. Paulson School of
Engineering and Applied Sciences
(SEAS) is published in the Proceedings of
the National Academy of Sciences.
" Today's shape-shifting materials and
structures can only transition between a
few stable configurations, but we have
shown how to create structural materials
that have an arbitrary range of shapemorphing
capabilities, " says L. Mahade -
van, the Lola England de Valpine
Professor of Applied Mathematics, of
Organismic and Evolutionary Biology,
and of Physics and senior author of the
paper.
" These structures allow for independent
control of the geometry and
mechanics, laying the foundation for
engineering functional shapes using a
new type of morphable unit cell. "
One of the biggest challenges in
designing shape-morphing materials is
balancing the seemingly contradictory
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Medical Design Briefs, February 2022
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needs of conformability and rigidity.
Conformability enables transformation
to new shapes but if it's too conformal, it
can't stably maintain the shapes. Rigidity
helps lock the material into place but if
it's too rigid, it can't take on new shapes.
The team started with a neutrally stable
unit cell with two rigid elements, a
strut and a lever, and two stretchable
elastic springs. If you've ever seen the
beginning of a Pixar movie, you've seen
a neutrally stable material. The Pixar
lamp head is stable in any position
because the force of gravity is always
counteracted by springs that stretch and
compress in a coordinated way, regardless
of the lamp configuration. In general,
neutrally stable systems, a combina
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Medical Design Briefs - February 2022

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