Medical Design Briefs - April 2022 - 51

been in other studies. But an actual
demonstration with a specific material is
new and still important by itself. "
This could lead to steps for solving
various healthcare challenges.
" Keeping in mind that there is a gap
between fundamental research and its
applications, I would say we contributed
a brick to building a large set of nanotechnology/nanomaterials
for biosensing
and other applications, " Rotkin says.
" Label-free detection lays the groundwork
for smart and integrated sensors,
new bio-threat safety techniques and
more individualized medicine and treatments,
among others benefits. "
This is also significant because creating
a label-free biosensor is more challenging
than developing a label-based
biosensor.
" We make it work by merging several
sensors in one device - think about the
lock and key analogy as three locks on
one chain, " Rotkin says. " Specifically, we
apply the doxorubicin to our 2D material,
which produces three different optical
signals, constituting a multimodal
sensing. By measuring three signals at
once instead of just one like in a normal
sensor, this allows us to detect doxorubicin
using label-free biosensing. "
Along with the biosensing possibilities,
there are also more immediate benefits
to this research, according to Rotkin.
" This work gives us deeper knowledge of
overall optical properties of 2D materials, "
Rotkin says. " We uncovered some of the
mechanisms for one specific structure,
graphene and MoS2. But our nanoimaging
method is applicable to many others, if not
to all. Also, we hope to attract additional
attention to the physics of 2D material heterostructures
such as our composite material
which combined the properties of
graphene and MoS2 single-layer materials. "
The next steps for this research will
include applying the materials component
of their work to other projects at the 2DCC
and at Penn State's National Science
Foundation Materials Research Science
and Engineering Center, the Center for
Nanoscale Science. This would include
projects involving quantum plasmonics
and 2D nonlinear optics. In addition, the
research team will be looking for partners
to research practical applications.
" Since label-free detection is universal,
we are not limited by a type of analyte,
application, nor problem, " Rotkin
says. " Still, there needs to be someone
with a real problem to apply the
approach. We are looking for collaborators
from the world of medicine for
some exciting new joint research. "
Along with Rotkin, who was a copresenting
author of the study, other
authors include: from the University of
North Carolina Greensboro, copresenting
author Tetyana Ignatova, assistant
professor
of
nanoscience;
Sajedeh
Pourianejad and Kirby Schmidt, doctoral
students in nanoscience. From Penn
State, an additional author of the study
is Xinyi Li, doctoral candidate in engineering
science. From North Carolina
A&T State University, additional authors
of the study include Frederick Aryeetey,
doctoral candidate at the time of the
study, and Shyam Aravamudhan, director
of core facilities at Joint School of
Nanoscience and Nanoengineering and
associate professor of nanoengineering.
The National Science Foundation supported
this research.
This article was written by Jamie Oberdick,
Penn State. For more information, visit
https://www.psu.edu.
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