Tech Briefs Magazine - February 2023 - ST14

Laws and Regulations
We are seeing more and more laws
and government regulations aimed at
reducing energy in buildings. For example,
New York City Local law 97 would
penalize building owners based on the
profile of the building. It characterizes
every building based on its size and use
case and allows it to use a specific
amount of energy. " I would say over
80% of the buildings in New York are
not in that profile, which means they're
getting penalized, or they will get penalized
if they don't make a decision, " said
Khalis. " So, I think that's a very big
driver now. The customers see big fines
coming.
The Bottom Line
There is actually more than one bottom
line.
* First and foremost is the payoff in reduced
energy consumption - something
we need on a global scale.
* For the building owner, less energy
means lower utility bills.
* An improved work environment, which
leads to increased productivity.
* The reduced cost of low voltage wiring
compared to standard AC wiring and
fixtures.
* Simplifying installation of future technologies.
*
Avoiding fines and qualifying for government
incentives.
This article was written by Ed Brown,
editor of Sensor Technology. For more information
go to https://mhtlighting.com.
Measurement Technology Drives Vehicle Development Forward
V
ehicle development would not be
possible without thorough vehicle dynamics
tests. They provide the data that
will inform the final setup of the chassis
and the characteristics of the control
systems. Passing the ISO tests for stable
driving behavior is the fundamental requirement
for developing a distinctive
driving experience and a feeling of safety
while driving, both for passenger vehicles
on public roads and racing cars in motorsports.
At the same time, maximum
passenger comfort in terms of noise and
vibration is also one of the top objectives.
A common vehicle dynamics test arose
25 years ago, dubbed by a German
newspaper as the " elk test. " At the time,
Swedish media had demonstrated that a
new car model would topple over when
forced to evade a suddenly appearing
elk. While elks are less of a problem in
most countries, drivers may well face a
situation where a child or a reversing
car will unexpectedly obstruct the road
ahead. The evasive maneuver which is
then carried out by the driver will result
in a sudden load shift. For the car to
remain stable in such situations, it needs
to conform to the ISO 3888-2 Standard,
which requires passing the VDA lanechange
test. Two further tests that need
to be passed before a vehicle is safe to
be put on the road are: steady-state circular
driving behavior and braking on
a one-sided slippery track surface while
driving straight ahead. Measuring a vehicle's
performance in these tests requires
technology that captures longitudinal
and lateral vehicle speed. These tests
enable engineers to predict the dynamic
behavior of a vehicle and to optimize its
balance and drivability.
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Optical Measurement Technology
Kistler Group, Winterthur, Switzerland,
offers the Correvit S-Motion sensor to capture
all the relevant motion parameters.
The optical technology measures the slip
angle, longitudinal, and lateral dynamics
- the lateral acceleration - to evaluate
the vehicle's behavior during steady-state
circular driving as per ISO 4138. It also
measures the yaw rate, roll and pitch angles,
and acceleration in three axes, with
advanced vehicle dynamic tests. The
Correvit optical and motion sensor solution
is direct, frictionless, slip-free, and
suitable for harsh conditions. Correvit optical
technology is combined with additional
data from an in-built six degree of
freedom inertial measurement unit
(IMU). Its sensor fusion technology provides
low noise signals. The resulting
speed and slip angle data quality is due to
the robust optical sensor core. Unlike
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)
sensors, Kistler fusion technology has the
benefit of being unaffected by surrounding
buildings or trees, enabling accurate
data to be measured under all conditions
without signal dropout.
The new SF-Motion, which was developed
for racing car applications, supplies
this technology in a smaller package,
enabling the sensor to be easily
mounted to the vehicle body without
bulky adaptations. It can also be fully
integrated in the monocoque of a race
car. The sensor can also be mounted on
each wheel, allowing true tire slip measurement
for fast evaluation without
corrective equations and calculations.
The measuring accuracy is guaranteed
through factory calibration methodology
and certification.
Wheel Force Transducers for Vehicle
Durability Testing
Vehicle development also relies on
wheel force transducers (WFT). These
wheels replace the standard rim to measure
the forces and moments acting on
the tire contact patch. WFTs are multiaxial
6-component precision measuring
systems that capture three forces and
Figure 1. New vehicle development requires extensive dynamic testing. (Image: Kistler Group)
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Sensor Technology, February 2023

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Tech Briefs Magazine - February 2023

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