Tech Briefs Magazine - July 2023 - 12

Mars Missions
This infographic shows the location of every successful mission that has landed on Mars. (Image: The Planetary Society)
NASA launched the 2001 Mars Odyssey Orbiter to the Red Planet
almost 22 years ago, the spacecraft has looped around Mars
more than 94,000 times. The spacecraft has mapped minerals
across the Martian surface, allowing scientists to better understand
the planet's history. Odyssey has found ice deposits that
could be used by future astronauts. It studied radiation that
could harm those same astronauts and scouted potential landing
sites for missions to come.
Mars Exploration Rovers (Spirit and Opportunity):
2004
Two powerful Mars rovers are on the Red Planet. They have
far greater mobility than the 1997 Mars Pathfinder rover. Each
rover carries a sophisticated set of instruments to search for
evidence of liquid water that may have been present in the
planet's past. The rovers are identical to each other but are
exploring different regions of Mars. The rovers have returned
an incomprehensible amount of data. In addition, both vehicles
lasted much longer than expected. Of the two rovers, Opportunity
is the only one still functioning. Spirit was sand
trapped in 2009, after attempting to free it, scientists were eventually
forced to abandon the campaign. The primary mission
for these rovers was to explore the Martian surface and conduct
geological experiments.
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter: 2005
NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO)
is capturing unique views of Mars with the most
powerful telescopic camera ever to another
planet. Its five other scientific instruments are
collecting data about the Red Planet. Findings
from MRO provided the strongest evidence
that liquid water flows intermittently on present-day
Mars. Using an imaging spectrometer
on MRO, researchers detected signatures of hydrated
minerals on slopes where mysterious
streaks are seen on the Red Planet. These darkish
streaks appear to ebb and flow over time.
They appear in several locations on Mars when
temperatures are above -10 °F and disappear at
colder times.
Phoenix Scout: 2007
NASA's Mars 2020 Perseverance rover and NASA's Ingenuity Mars Helicopter (shown in an
artist's concept) are the agency's two newest explorers on Mars. Perseverance is the most
sophisticated rover NASA has ever sent to Mars. Ingenuity, a technology experiment, is the
first aircraft to fly on another planet. (Image: NASA/JPL-Caltech)
12
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The Phoenix Mars Lander successfully landed
on the north polar region of Mars. Its mission
is to dig up and analyze icy soil. The mission
was the first chosen for NASA's Scout
program, an initiative for smaller, lower cost,
Tech Briefs, July 2023

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Tech Briefs Magazine - July 2023

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Tech Briefs Magazine - July 2023

Tech Briefs Magazine - July 2023 - Intro
Tech Briefs Magazine - July 2023 - Sponsor
Tech Briefs Magazine - July 2023 - Cov1
Tech Briefs Magazine - July 2023 - Cov2
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