Applied_Spectroscopy_Practica_01_01 - 20

Donais et al.
58
Figure 3. Examination of the eastern section of Trench C: (a) PCA score plot and (b) trench map with labeled loci.
agreement. While the significantly higher number of analysis
locations achieved with handheld LIBS compared to handheld
XRF may play a role in this finding, the elements
detectable only with LIBS in the mortars and the integration
of surface precleaning laser shots within data collection procedures
are likely more significant factors. Al, Ba, Ti, Si, Mg, K,
and O are unique to the LIBS data set. The construction of
the drainage trench using a chemically similar mortar to that
of the terraced wall northern expansion is a new finding.
While this had been hypothesized based on visual analysis,
the chemical analysis confirms and supports these conclusions,
strengthening the understanding of the construction phases at
Coriglia, one of our major research questions.
A number of additional wall associations for loci in the
western section of Trench C, shown in Fig. S1 (Supplemental
Material), were established through an examination of the
handheld LIBS data. PCA score plots supporting these conclusions
are provided in Figs. S2 and S3 (Supplemental
Material). The associations of locus 127 with locus 139 and
locus 125 with locus 239 were previously established using
handheld XRF analyses, further demonstrating the utility of
handheld LIBS for phasing at an archaeological site. As was
the case with the drainage trench and northern expansion,
these associations had been hypothesized, but only with
this additional analysis could these connections be more confidently
confirmed. Through this study, our understanding of
the use and development of the bath complex has been
enhanced. It is now possible to identify with relative certainty
at least four separate phases of the structure (see Fig. S1,
Supplemental Material). There is a first initial phase

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