World Grain - March 2015 - 40
FEATURE: IMPROVING SORGHUM
2014-15 market year is forecast at 6.9
million tonnes, up 100,000 tonnes from
the previous market year due to strong
demand for feed alternatives to expensive domestic corn. Feed, seed and industrial consumption is forecast to stay
U.S. Department of Agriculture report,
as any increased biofuel production is
more likely to be met through cassava
imports rather than sorghum.
BIOFUELS FEEDSTOCK
Sorghum can be used for several
types of ethanol production including
starch-based, sugar-based and cellulosic ethanol. It is interchangeable with
corn in the grain-based ethanol market.
Sorghum distillers grains, a co-product
of ethanol production, tends to be lower
in fat and higher in protein than corn
distillers grains.
About one-third of the U.S. sorghum
crop is used for biofuels production. In
2014, Sorghum Checkoff said it worked
with 12 ethanol plants that used sorghum as a feedstock. Sorghum had a
16% share of the 168 million gallons of
U.S. ethanol produced last year.
The Checkoff board is working with
three ethanol producers who operate
four plants in California. The facilities
represent a more than 80-million-bushel-per-year potential for the sorghum industry. The collective demand for those
facilities would be more than three shuttle trains per week.
Each of the producers has said they
want to source some or all of their starch
needs from sorghum. The ethanol producers met with sorghum growers in
2014 and learned more about the growing
process. They received $3 million grants
from the California Energy Commission
to work toward sorghum use.
Forage and high tonnage biomass
sorghums are being evaluated for their
potential as a feedstock in cellulose and
thermochemical ethanol production.
Sweet sorghum, which grows very
tall and contains a high volume of fermentable sugars in its stalks, is another
potential feedstock for biofuels production. India and Asia are already using it
to produce ethanol. Research is ongoing
in the U.S. into the infrastructure needed
to make it a mainstream feedstock.
Sorghum Checkoff has worked with
the National Corn-to-Ethanol Research
Center in Edwardsville, Illinois, U.S.,
evaluating the effects of various amounts
of sweet sorghum juice in corn mash on
ethanol yield. The juice was successfully
used as a replacement for process water
in the study, demonstrating the potential for a corn ethanol plant to increase
production above nameplate capacity by
adding sweet sorghum juice.
We want to hear from you - Send comments and
inquiries to worldgrain@sosland.com. For reprints of
WG articles, e-mail reprints@sosland.com.
For more information, see Page 106.
40
March 2015 / World Grain / www.World-Grain.com
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