TECHNICAL PROFILE Staying in control of MYCOTOXINS M ycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by mold fungi and are an emerging threat for animal and human health. $ÀDWR[LQGHR[\QLYDOHQRO '21 ]HDUDOHQRQH =($ DQG HUJRWDONDORLGVSUREDEO\FUHDWHWKHPRVWFRPPHUFLDOFRQFHUQ FRPPRQO\DIIHFWLQJFRUQZKHDWU\HEDUOH\RDWVDQGVSHOW 7KHKLJKO\WR[LFDÀDWR[LQLVSDUWLFXODUO\SUREOHPDWLFLQFRUQ DVMXVWDIHZKLJKO\FRQWDPLQDWHGNHUQHOVKDYHWKHSRWHQWLDO WRPDNHDQHQWLUHORWXQVDIHIRUIXUWKHUXVHHYHQLIWKHYDVW majority of grains are not affected. Mycotoxins predominantly occur in concentrations that do QRWUHVXOWLQDFXWHFOLQLFDOV\PSWRPVRIWR[LFRVLV+RZHYHU OLYHVWRFN PD\ VWLOO VKRZ VLJQV RI HOHYDWHG P\FRWR[LQ H[SR VXUHVXFKDVLPSDLUHGJURZWKLPPXQRVXSSUHVVLRQDQGRYHU all reduced performance. 7KHUHIRUHHYHQZKHQPD[LPXPSHUPLWWHGOHYHOVKDYHQRW EHHQVHWLWLVDGYLVDEOHWRIROORZJXLGDQFHOHYHOVIRUIHHG IRU LQVWDQFH SDUWV SHU PLOOLRQ SSP IRU '21 LQ FHUHDOV DQG FHUHDOSURGXFWVLQWKH(8 IURPERWKDQHWKLFDODQGHFRQRPL FDOYLHZSRLQW CO-OCCURRENCE OF MYCOTOXINS $QDO\VLV VKRZV WKDW LW LV KLJKO\ OLNHO\ WKDW DIIHFWHG SURG XFWLVFRQWDPLQDWHGZLWKPXOWLSOHP\FRWR[LQVVLPXOWDQHRXVO\ )RUH[DPSOHDFRPELQDWLRQRIWKH)XVDULXPWR[LQV'21DQG =($RUDPL[RIDÀDWR[LQ%DQGIXPRQLVLQVPD\EHSUHVHQW in corn lots. This phenomenon is called co-occurrence and some combiQDWLRQVVXFKDVDÀDWR[LQ%DQGIXPRQLVLQVDUHSDUWLFXODUO\ ZRUU\LQJEHFDXVHWKHUHLVHYLGHQFHRIDV\QHUJLVWLFLQWHUDFWLRQ RIWKHWZRVXEVWDQFHVLQWHQVLI\LQJWKHDGYHUVHKHDOWKHIIHFWV &RRFFXUUHQFHFDQEHH[SODLQHGE\WZRELRORJLFDOPHFKD QLVPV )LUVWVRPHIXQJDOVSHFLHVDUHDEOHWRSURGXFHGLIIHUHQW (Above) SORTEX A is Bühler's advanced cleaning solution for reducing mycotoxin levels. Photo courtesy of Bühler. 92 by Matthias Graeber Advanced cleaning and optical solutions are effective even when multiple toxins co-occur P\FRWR[LQVDWWKHVDPHWLPHVXFKDV)XVDULXPVSHFLHVSUR GXFLQJGHR[\QLYDOHQRODQG]HDUDOHQRQH 6HFRQGDQDIIHFWHGSURGXFWLVOLNHO\WREHLQIHFWHGE\GLI IHUHQWVSHFLHVRIIXQJL$GGLWLRQDOO\LQFRPSRXQGIHHGHDFK component of the mixture can further exacerbate the problem by introducing different mycotoxins. 5HVHDUFKHUVDUHQRZZRUNLQJWREHWWHUXQGHUVWDQGWKHLP plications of co-occurrence on human and animal health. EARLY INTERVENTION IS CRITICAL :KLOH JRRG DJULFXOWXUDO DQG SRVWKDUYHVW SUDFWLFH VLJQL¿ FDQWO\UHGXFHVWKHULVNRIJUDLQFRQWDPLQDWLRQRWKHUIDFWRUV VXFKDVH[WUHPHZHDWKHUFDQFDXVHSODQWVWUHVVPDNLQJWKH crop more susceptible to fungal infections. 7KHUHIRUHLUUHVSHFWLYHRIWKHYDULDELOLW\RIWKHFRQWDPLQD WLRQSUR¿OHVLWLVEXVLQHVVFULWLFDOWKDWSURFHVVRUVDUHDEOHWR rely on the performance of existing cleaning lines to be ef¿FLHQWDQGUHGXFHWR[LQOHYHOVZKLOHUHPRYLQJRQO\WKHPLQL PXP RI JRRG SURGXFW 7KH\ DOVR QHHG WR EH FRQ¿GHQW WKDW JUDLQ ORWV FRPSO\ ZLWK FRPPHUFLDO VSHFL¿FDWLRQV DQG OHJDO PD[LPXPOHYHOVRIWR[LQV 6RPH UHJLRQV KDYH EHHQ KLW VHYHUHO\ LQ VXFFHVVLYH \HDUV UHVXOWLQJLQVWRFNSLOHVRIFRUQORWVXQ¿WIRUKXPDQRUDQLPDO FRQVXPSWLRQ ,Q UHVSRQVH SURFHVVRUV KDYH LPSOHPHQWHG DG YDQFHGJUDLQFOHDQLQJSURFHVVHVWRSUHYHQWDQ\LQLWLDOFRQWDPL QDWLRQIURPVSUHDGLQJIXUWKHUE\UHPRYLQJWKHVPDOOSHUFHQWDJH October 2015 / World Grain / www.World-Grain.comhttp://www.World-Grain.com