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Chapter 3: Economic Burden
INPATIENT COSTS
The economic cost of inpatient health service delivery (excluding treatment and diagnostics)
for digestive diseases was estimated as the product of hospital bed-days for digestive
diseases and WHO country-specific unit costs for inpatient service delivery. Estimates by
country and disease were calculated for 2019 or the most recent year available.* Detailed
methods and results in Euros can be found in the Appendix.
The cost of inpatient health service delivery for digestive diseases for the 31 countries
combined amounted to an estimated €25.3 billion. The estimated cost of inpatient health
service delivery for digestive diseases as a percentage of GDP ranged from 0.05% in Israel to
0.22% in Germany (Figure 149) and was on average 0.12%.
Inpatient costs by disease
Since the inpatient health service delivery costs were calculated using different data sources
to the indirect costs, the disease categories differ slightly, however the categories have been
harmonised where possible to aid interpretation. Within-country variations in inpatient
health service delivery costs by disease, reflect differences in the number of hospital beddays
by disease.
Together, gallbladder and biliary diseases, chronic liver diseases, inguinal, femoral, and
abdominal hernia, and paralytic ileus and intestinal obstruction, accounted for more than
40% of digestive disease related inpatient health service delivery costs within each country,
except Latvia, in 2019. The estimated cost of inpatient health service delivery for gallbladder
and biliary diseases as a percentage of GDP ranged from 0.01% in Israel to 0.05% in Greece,
whilst the cost for chronic liver diseases ranged from 0.002% in Israel to 0.04% in Romania in
2019 (Figure 150).
*It should be noted that discrepancies between countries may exist due to differences in the way in
which countries define and report data. For example, some countries do not record data for all
hospitals e.g., the UK, Ireland, Portugal, Norway and Serbia include public sector hospitals only.126
Furthermore, costs are not adjusted for price differentials between countries which will explain some
between-country variation in the results, e.g., costs per capita may appear higher in wealthier
countries due to the higher cost of wages, services and goods within these countries. It is intended
that the results be used to assess costs of digestive diseases within countries, rather than to compare
costs between countries.
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