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Appendix
METHODS: CHAPTER 2
We explored the relationship between levels of human development and the burden of
digestive diseases and cancers, in 2019, across the 35 UEG member countries located within
Europe.
Measures and data sources
Human development was measured using the HDI. Data on the HDI and its income and
education components, per country, were obtained from the UNDP. Further information on
the calculation of the HDI can be found via the UNDP website.114 Disease burden was
measured using age-standardised DALY rates, which were extracted for 21 digestive disorders
per country, from GBD 2019.
Table 13. Chapter 2: Description of measures and data sources
Measure
Source
Human
Development
Index
United Nations
Development
Programme
hdr.undp.org/en/data
Income Index
United Nations
Development
Programme
hdr.undp.org/en/data
Education Index
United Nations
Development
Programme
hdr.undp.org/en/data
Age-standardised
DALY rate per
100,000
Calculations
The relationship between human development and the burden of each disorder was assessed
graphically and statistically using linear regression analysis. For each digestive disorder, a
univariate linear regression model was created to estimate the association between the agestandardised
DALY rate and the HDI, using data from 35 countries. Standard errors and
confidence intervals were calculated using robust estimation.
White Book 2: Part 1
187
Global Burden of
Disease Study
20191
Age-standardised DALY rates per country in 2019 were
obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study for 21
categories of digestive disorders.
Description
The Human Development Index (HDI) is a summary measure of
average achievements in three key dimensions of human
development: a long and healthy life, access to
knowledge/education and a decent standard of living. The HDI
is the geometric mean of normalised indices for each of the
three dimensions. The HDI in 2019 was obtained per country.
The standard of living dimension (Income Index) is measured
by gross national income (GNI) per capita in constant 2017
purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. It is based on the
logarithm of income, to reflect the diminishing importance of
income with increasing GNI. The Income Index in 2019 was
obtained per country.
The education dimension (Education Index) is measured by
mean of years of schooling for adults aged >25 years and
expected years of schooling for children of school entering age.
The Education Index in 2019 was obtained per country.

http://hdr.undp.org/en/data http://hdr.undp.org/en/data http://hdr.undp.org/en/data

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