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Chapter 1: Burden of Digestive Disorders
Cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases due to hepatitis C
From 2000-2019, age-standardised incidence rates for cirrhosis and other chronic liver
diseases due to hepatitis C have increased by around 17% (7 to 8.2 per 100,000) for the
member countries combined, and age-standardised mortality rates have increased slightly by
around 6% (4.4 to 4.7 per 100,000 from 2000-2019) (Figure 18). Age-standardised prevalence
rates started to decline from around the year 2011, likely linked to the availability of antihepatitis
C virus medicines, and from 2000-2019 rates have decreased by around 10% (1490
to 1334 per 100,000).
For the member countries combined, prevalence rates increase steadily with age for both
women and men (Figure 19). Age-specific prevalence rates are similar for men and women
below the age of 65, but appear to be higher for women compared to men aged 65+ years.
For both sexes combined, age-specific prevalence rates have decreased from 2000-2019
across all age groups.
Among the member countries in 2019, age-standardised incidence rates range from 1.2 to 41
and 2.4 to 43 per 100,000 for women and men, respectively (Figure 20). Age-standardised
mortality rates range from 0.4 to 53 and 0.9 to 55 per 100,000 for women and men,
respectively, and age-standardised prevalence rates range from 342 to 3052 and 334 to 3644
per 100,000 for women and men, respectively (Figure 21; Figure 22).
Age-standardised DALY rates for both sexes combined range from 18 to 1033 per 100,000
among the member countries (Figure 23). Egypt has the highest age-standardised DALY rate
of the member countries. Of the 44 countries, 11 (25%) have experienced a percentage
change increase in age-standardised DALY rates from 2000-2019. Some member countries
within Western Asia and Central and Eastern Europe have experienced relatively large
percentage change increases in age-standardised DALY rates from 2000-2019, whilst all
countries within Western and Southern Europe have experienced decreases over time.
The proportion of age-standardised DALY rates attributable to drug and alcohol use ranges
from 4-90% and 3-80% respectively, among the member countries (Figure 24). All member
countries have experienced either an increase or no change in the proportion of burden
attributable to drug use from 2000-2019, and 18 (41%) have experienced an increase in the
proportion of burden attributable to alcohol use. The proportion of burden attributable to
drug and alcohol use is generally lower amongst member countries within Northern Africa,
however most of these countries have experienced increases in drug and alcohol attributable
burden over time.
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