Chapter 1: Burden of Digestive Disorders Figure 31. Percentage of age−standardised DALY rates for cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases due to hepatitis B attributable to modifiable risk factors in 2019, and percentage change from 2000−2019, for 44 UEG member countries % change from 2000 Alcohol use Germany Italy Luxembourg Estonia Switzerland Latvia Portugal Belgium Ukraine France Russian Federation Netherlands Lithuania Czechia Denmark Finland Ireland Austria Sweden Bulgaria Romania Serbia Poland Montenegro Slovakia Spain North Macedonia Croatia Norway Hungary Greece Georgia Bosnia and Herzegovina United Kingdom Azerbaijan Slovenia Albania Tunisia Armenia Turkey Algeria Morocco Israel Egypt 20 40 60 80 % Source: authors' compilation using GBD 2019 data −8% −2% 11% −6% 18% −5% −3% 8% −4% −4% −5% −9% 1% −10% −7% 10% −6% −9% 3% 14% 3% −3% −2% −12% −8% −6% 51% −6% −7% −7% 6% −11% −10% 17% 23% 30% −30% 52% −18% 135% 59% 333% −41% 117% 20 40 60 80 Drug use 22% 34% 39% 42% 46% 16% 39% −3% 29% 35% 36% 41% 30% 38% 22% 55% 28% 28% 74% 4% 58% 43% 72% 22% 63% 51% 62% 47% 30% 48% 12% 46% 0% 57% 53% 82% 51% 49% 36% 41% 127% 36% 57% 62% White Book 2: Part 1 32