Chapter 1: Burden of Digestive Disorders Figure 44. Percentage of age−standardised DALY rates for gallbladder and biliary diseases attributable to modifiable risk factors in 2019, and percentage change from 2000−2019, f or 44 UEG member countries % change from 2000 High body−mass index Montenegro Hungary Estonia Romania Serbia Latvia North Macedonia Slovenia Croatia Turkey Egypt Czechia Bosnia and Herzegovina Russian Federation Poland United Kingdom Armenia Ukraine Lithuania Slovakia Bulgaria Germany Azerbaijan Algeria Georgia Ireland Tunisia Austria Greece Belgium Denmark Sweden Spain Luxembourg Albania Finland France Switzerland Netherlands Morocco Israel Portugal Norway Italy 10 20 30 40 50 60 % Source: authors' compilation using GBD 2019 data 12% 14% 4% 9% 15% 15% 13% 15% 15% 7% 14% 9% 10% 13% 14% 6% 5% 7% 5% 5% 9% 21% 14% 29% 4% 18% 11% 12% 3% 18% 17% 10% 8% 28% 8% 16% 7% 25% 14% 14% 7% 13% 6% 10 20 30 40 50 28% Smoking 3% 6% −15% 5% 0% −7% 7% −24% −4% 8% −3% −15% −13% 22% 21% −15% −12% 8% 7% 3% −31% −12% −12% 2% 12% −6% −8% −25% 18% −16% −15% −29% −14% −8% 16% −18% −2% −23% −17% −19% −19% −3% −37% −17% 60 White Book 2: Part 1 45