Chapter 1: Burden of Digestive Disorders Figure 58. Percentage of age−standardised DALY rates for peptic ulcer disease attr ibutable to modifiable risk factors in 2019, and percentage change from 2000−2019, f or 44 UEG member countries % change from 2000 Smoking Montenegro Russian Federation Bulgaria Bosnia and Herzegovina Estonia Ukraine North Macedonia Hungary Greece Czechia Serbia Romania Austria Croatia Azerbaijan Denmark Poland Armenia Georgia Latvia United Kingdom Lithuania Spain Slovakia Slovenia Germany Belgium Luxembourg Finland Netherlands France Sweden Albania Ireland Switzerland Italy Turkey Portugal Israel Egypt Morocco Algeria Norway Tunisia 10 20 % Source: authors' compilation using GBD 2019 data 30 40 5% −12% −2% −7% −2% 5% −9% −5% −11% −6% −14% −8% 10% −10% −15% −18% 3% −12% 0% −22% −10% −6% −19% −10% −11% −17% −2% −2% −9% −8% −16% −22% −7% −7% −16% −12% −16% 0% −15% −9% −14% −27% −12% −18% White Book 2: Part 1 59