2022 Fall Issue - 137
* In the early 20th century, the
original form of district energy
encompassed electric power and
thermal energy on local campuses.
* In the mid-20th century,
energy supply shifted to a larger
regional scale, associated with
hydrocarbon generation.
* Now, in the early 21st century,
energy developers like Enwave and
its American spinoff, Centrio, are
swinging the pendulum back to
local district energy, but this time in
the context of renewable energy-
like Toronto's DLWC system.
District energy generated locally
is more efficient and less polluting
than energy produced in a
distant large plant because of a
basic principle of physical science:
resistance. When electricity passes
over a transmission medium like
wires, the copper metal of the wires
slows the rate of transmission, or
" resists " the transmission of electric
energy, wasting as much as 60
percent of the energy generated.
The greater the distance the
energy travels, the more energy is
lost through resistance. The shorter
the distance, the less energy is lost.
Thus, locally generated district
energy travels a shorter distance,
meets less resistance, wastes less
energy, generates less pollution,
and is more efficient.
The real estate developer's decision
to choose district energy must
include consideration of three factors:
1) the cost of capital of district
energy relative to a large central
power plant, 2) the operational
savings of district energy relative to
a large central power plant, and 3)
the space savings of district energy
relative to individual buildings.
Not One Size Fits All
District energy comes in many sizes
that offer different opportunities to
developers. The applicable district
could cover just two or more buildings
or a large area like the DLWC
system service area.
Both the size of the district
and the nature of the district's
ownership and control determine
the nature of the real estate developer's
decision as to whether and
how to use district energy.
Where the district is small, the
real estate developer may directly
design and construct the district
The Toronto-Dominion Centre, which
comprises six towers and a pavilion
covered in bronze-tinted glass and
black steel, is the largest ensemble
of office buildings in Canada and
an early adopter of the Deep Lake
Water Cooling system. In contrast
with centralized energy production
and distribution to distant end users,
district energy is generated by small
local energy producers and used by
immediately proximate end users.
FALL 2022
URBAN LAND
137
PHOTO CREDIT: DAVID MACMILLAN
2022 Fall Issue
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https://www.nxtbook.com/urbanlandinstitute/UrbanLand/2024-fall-issue-of-urban-land
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